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The Islamic calendar is based on the lunar system with 354 or 355 days in a year. Each month must begin on the evening when the new moon is sighted. Different countries may begin the new month on different days based on their own sightings giving a rise to some differences by day or two.  Some muslim countries are now using the astronomically calculated dates as official calendar dates.

 

The calendar is called Hijri calendar. The Arabic word Hijrah means migration.  Therefore the Islamic calendar started in the year 622 CE (Christian Era) when prophet Mohammed migrated due to death threats from Mecca to Medina where Islam was openly embraced.

 

The Islamic calendar day starts on the evening  at sunset, hence the then next month begins on the sighting of the new moon.

 

The five daily prayers times which muslims have to observe are not fixed times but rather follow the solar (sunrise/sunset) hours.

The twelve Islamic Months are:

 

1. Muharram

2. Safar

3. Rabiul-Awwal

4. Rabi-uthani

5. Jumadi-ul-Awwal

6. Jumadi-uthani

7. Rajab

8. Sha'ban

9. Ramadan

10. Shawwal

11. Dhil-Q'ada

12. Dhil-Hijja

 

Dates. Calendars and Moon Sightings

 

Date Conversion

 

World Calendars

 

New Moon Phases (US Navy)

 

World Time Zones (US Navy)

 

Prayer Times round the world (perpetual calculation)

 

Prayer Times  accurate timings.

 

 

Islamic / English (Gregorian) Calendar

Background

References

Islamic Months